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7 Chapter - 11 The Rise of Small Kingdoms in South India.

Class 7                         Subject - S.St. 
        
Chapter - 11 The Rise of Small Kingdoms in South India


      A. Tick the correct option :
  1. Who was the founder of Chola dynasty?
Ans. Vijayalaya
  1. The famous temple built by Rajaraja-I at Tanjore was --
Ans. Rajrajeshwara temple
  1. Which kingdom gave a final blow to the Pandyas ?
Ans. Vijayanagar
  1. The term Mandalam stands for
Ans. A  province
  1.  what was the main source of income of the Chola rulers?
Ans. land tax 
                  B. Fill in the blanks :
                  1.  During 750 CE, South India saw the rule of Chola Pandya and Cheras.   
                  2. Indian historians believe that chalukyas were Kshatriyas.
                  3. Vijayalaya defeated Pallavas.
                  4. Rajendra Chola succeeded Rajaraja.     
                  5. Kanchipuram was the main centre of education during 700 CE to 1200 CE  
                      in South India.  
                  D. Answer the following questions in brief:
                  Q .1. Name the powerful Kingdom that emerged in South India in the 8th 
                           Century.
                  Ans. The Chola Kingdom
                  Q.2.  Name three kingdoms that were mentioned in Ashoka edicts.
                  Ans. The Chola Kingdom , The Pandya Kingdom and The Chera Kingdom.
                  Q.3.  Which languages flourished during Chola and Pandyas period? 
                  Ans. Sanskrit and Tamil
                  Q.4. .Name the main areas that form the part of the Pandya Kingdom.
                  Ans. Madurai ,Tirunelveli and part of Travancore .
                  Q.5.  Where were the Rock Cut temples built?
                  Ans. Mahabalipuram , Kanchipuram, Badami, Pattadakal, Ajanta Elora and 
                           Elephanta.
                  E. Answer the following questions:
                  Q.1.  Mention the main achievements of Rajaraja, the Great.
                  Ans. Rajaraja the great, ruled from 1012 to 44 CE.and it was under him 
                           that  the Cholas had risen to supreme power in South India.
                         (1)  He was defeated the Cheras and Pandyas and captured the regions
                                of Kerala and Madurai.
                         (2) He built the famous Rajrajeshwara Temple at Tanjore.
                         (3) He spread the message of Vedas among the common people. 
                         (4) He took the title of Gangaikondai ( Victor of Ganga ).
                 Q.2.  Describe the socio-economic condition of the people in the southern 
                          States .
                 Ans. The society of South India was also caste- like that of North India .
                          Brahmins and Kshatriyas dominated the lower caste.The peasants tilled
                          the  land which belonged to the rulers or the temples.
                          Taxes on land and trade were the main source of revenue.
                          Apart of the revenue was set aside for the royal household and rest was
                          used for building roads temples thanks salary of officials and on 
                          maintenance of the armed forces. The economic condition
                          of the people was good. Agriculture, trade, weaving were the main 
                          occupations of the people. The irrigation facilities were well- developed 
                          which increased the agricultural yield.
                      
                 Q.3.  What were the religious beliefs of the people in the southern states 
                          during the medieval period?
                 Ans. Religion played an important part of the life of people in South India.       
                          Hinduism was the most popular religion. Vedic Sacrifice were
                          quite common. Kanchipuram, the capital of Pallavas, was an
                          important centre of studies of Sanskrit and regional languages
                          like Tamil.It was also a pilgrimage for Hindu devotees.The bhakti saints
                          the teachings of the effects of Ramayana Mahabharata which
                          were translated into many South Indian languages. 
                 Q.4.  Describe the development of art and architecture under the southern 
                          rulers .
                 Ans. The rulers of the southern kingdoms were not only a great warrior
                          but also great patrons of art and architecture. They built a number
                          of important temples. The large Rock - Cut temples at Mahabalipuram
                          and the Kailashnath was built in the eighth century. The Shiva temple
                          of Tanjore and the bronze statue of Nataraj were fine  examples of 
                          Chola art. 
                 Q.5.  List the differences between the kingdom of North and South on the 
                          basis of following aspects 
  1. Administration
  2. Society
  3.  Economy
  4.  Religion
  5.  Education
  6.  Art and Architecture      
                 Ans. The differences between Kingdom of  North and South India ---
                         a.  Administration -- The king spend huge amounts of money on
                               building up strong armies. He was assisted by different officials,But in    
                               South India, his office was hereditary .The king ran the administration
                               with the help of ministers.
                         b.  Society -- The king, the feudal lords and the brahmins in high 
                               positions,enjoyed a life of luxury. Land was cultivated mainly by   
                               shudras. But in south India the brahmins and kshatriyas dominated 
                               the  lower castes.The peasants tilled the land which belonged to
                               the  rulers or the temples.
                         c.  Economy -- The people living in villages were poor.The kings 
                               granted  land as rewards to officers who came to be known as 
                               Thakurs or Rais.But in south India the economy condition of people
                               was good.Land was fixed at one-third of the produce by the Chola 
                               Rulers.
                          d.  Religion -- During this period, the Bhakti saints preached devotion 
                               to God and opposed social discriminations,superstitions and 
                               narrow-mindedness.Monasteries at Nalanda was the main centre
                               of studies. But in south India the Bhakti saints preached the
                               teachings of the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata.   
                               Kanchipuram was the important centre of studies
                               of Sanskrit and regional languages.
                          e.  Education -- The elementary education was limited to temples
                               and monasteries. The study of philosophy and religion was 
                               encouraged.But in south India the temples were not only the places
                               of worship but also important centres of culture, administration and
                               education. Each temple had matha,which provided free education,
                               Boarding and lodging to the students.
                           f.  Art and Architecture -- The examples of the paintings of North India can
be found in the form of murals in palaces, caves and 
                               temples.But in south India the large rock-cut temples and the
                               bronze statues of Natraja are fine examples of Chola art. 

                                  

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