7 S.St. Ch.15 The Mughal Empire

7  S.St. Chapter15. The Mughal Empire.

Keywords :

Inland duties : collection of taxes by the government or authority on purchase or sale of things.

Kalima : there is only one god ,Allah who is worthy of worship as per the Holy Quran.

Mansabdar :  each office was given a rank or position called mansab. 

Mutiny : an open rebellion against authorities. 

Octori : a tax levied on goods entering a city.

Sarais : rest houses. e These were also used as the Dak Chaukis or post offices.

 Something To Know :

 A. Tick in the correct option . 

1. Humayun was defeated by --- 

( a ) Sher Shah Suri ( b ) Rana Sanga ( c ) Ibrahim Lodi ( d ) The Mongols

 2. Akbar's religious discussions took place at the --

( a ) Royal Palace ( b ) Diwan - i - Khas  ( c ) Mosque  ( d ) Ibadat Khana  

3. In which language did Babur write his autobiography Tuzuk -i - Baburi ?

 ( a ) Arabic ( b ) Urdu ( c ) Turkish ( d ) Persian 

4. Akbar ascended the throne at the age of -- 

( a ) fourteen ( b ) thirteen ( c ) twelve ( d ) eleven 

5. Which one of the following statements is correct ? 

( a ) Shivaji fought against Jahangir . ( b ) Humayun was defeated by Rana Sanga . 

( c ) Mughal empire was founded by Babur . ( d ) Aurangzeb conquered Bijapur and Golconda .

 B. Fill in the blanks : 

1. Bairam Khan was Akbar's guardian . 

2." Peacock throne was made for Shah Jahan. 

3  Aurangzeb  assumed the title of ' Alamgir ' .

4. Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal emperor 

5. The mansabdars were responsible for both civil and  military administration. 

C. Write True or False for the following statements :

1.The Battle of Chausa was fought between Babur and Sher Shah Suri .                       False

2 Jahangir discontinued the administrative system that was introduced by his father .  False

3. Din -i - llahi was a socio - religious path started by Akbar .                                       True

4. Humayun fell from the stairs of his library and died .                                                 True

5  Shah Jahan gave patronage to scholars , artisans and craftsmen .                               True

 D. Answer the following questions in brief :

1. What was Din - i - llahi and who started it ? 

Ans. Din-i-llahi was a socio-religious path started by Akbar

2. Why is Shah Jahan known as an ' Engineer King ' ? 

Ans. Shah Jahan was known as Engineer king because he was an excellent architect and               calligraphist.

3. What was the political condition of India before Babur's invasion ? 

Ans. The political condition of India before Babur's  invasions:

a.  India was a easy prey for foreign invaders.

b.  It was divided into  several parts.

c.  Delhi had lost its glory under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi.

d. There was a widespread lawlessness and disorder.

4. State the main features of Jahangir's rule .

Ans. The main features of Jahangir rule were as follows.

a.  Jahangir consolidated his territory and developed the administrative system that was

     introduced by his father.

b.  The court culture of the Mughals flourished under his rule.
c.   He had keen interest in gardens.

d.   Mughal paintings reached its zenith during his time. 

5. Briefly explain the ' mansabdari system ' 

Ans..Akbar introduced the Mansabdari  system based on rank or position in the official hierarchy . 

The mansabdars were responsible for both Civil and military administration. 

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E. Answer the following questions : 

Q 1. Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne . 

Ans. He had many difficulties while he ascended to the throne were:
a.  He had to face opposition from his brothers, relatives, Afghans and Rajputs.
b.  He multiplied his problems with his own follies.

c.  He was addicted to optium.

d.  He lacked military ability.

e.  His father had failed to crush the power of Afghans for good.

Q 2. Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb . 

Ans.Akbar was first Mughal ruler to adopt a policy of religious tolerance (sulh-e-kul) towards other religions to build a strong empire in India.It aimed at harmony among different religions.
He set up a hall for worship(Ibadat Khana), which was open for believers of different religions like jains, Hindus, Christians, etc.
Aurangzeb was a staunch Muslim. He forced the Hindus to adopt Islam. He imposed Jazia on Hindus. His policy of religious intolerance weakened the foundations of the Mughal empire.

Q 3. Describe Shah Jahan's Deccan policy .

 Ans. Under shah Jahan, the Deccan policy of the Mughals entered a new phase. He annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad. He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his supremacy. In 1636,Shah Jahan retried to Agra and appointed Aurangzeb as the governor of the Deccan.

Q 4. Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.

Ans The Mughals managed to unite the country politically. They established a uniform system of administration which was a combination of both Indian and Persian systems. They believed in the Supreme authority of the king. 
A strong army and efficient ministers assisted the emperor. The whole empire was divided into subas (provinces) which were governed by subedars (governors). The diwan was collector of land revenue.The kolwal looked after the law and order in the city.

Q 5. List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire . 

Ans The five factors responsible for the decline of Mughal empire were:
a.    The religious intolerance of Aurangzeb turned the Rajputs aganist him, who had always            supported the Mughal empire.
b.    The Mughals did not have any rule of succession and hence, the death of each ruler                  resulted in bloody wars and conspiracies of nobles.
c.     Weak and inefficient successors of Aurangzeb provided and open invitation for internal            rebels  and foreign invasions.
d.     Corrupt officials and heavy burden of land revenue resulted in many revolts.
e.     The Europeans were the rising powers that took over the entire administration.
f.      Mansabdars and nobels became more powerful than the central authority. 

Map Skill :

On an outline map of India , locate and mark the following :

( a ) A famous battlefield where the Mughals defeated Hemu . Panipat, Haryana

( b ) The place where Taj Mahal was built .  Agra,uttar Pradesh

( c ) Capital of the Mughals . Agra and Fatehpur Sikri

( d ) Any two places conquered by Akbar . Gujarat and sindh

( e ) The extent of Akbar's empire .  Whole north India.

Something To Do .

3. Who am I ? Identify : 

( a ) I was the great grandson of Timur and a descendent of Turkish ruler Chenghis Khan .

Ans. Babur

( b ) I defeated my son Khusrau at the Battle of Bhairowal . 

Ans. Jahangir

( c ) I re - established the Mughal empire after a gap of fifteen years .

Ans. Humayun 

( d ) Due to my short - sighted policies , the vast Mughal empire went out of my grip .

 Ans. Aurangzeb

( e ) My son imprisoned me and I died in captivity in 1666 .

Ans. Shah Jahan

.Who fought and with whom ? 

Q. 1. Battle of Khanwa . 

Ans . Babur fought with Rana Sanga . Rana Sanga  was defeated . 

Q.2 . Battle of Chausa . 

Ans. Humayun fought with Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. 

Q.3 . Second Battle of Panipat . 

Ans . Bairam Khan fought with Hemu Vikramaditya and defeated 

Inside Question and Answers :

Answer the following questions in brief :

 Q. 1. What was Babur's full name ? 

Ans . His full name was Zahir - ud - din Mohammad Babur . 

Q.2 . Which dynasty did Sher Shah Suri belong to ? 

Ans . Sher Shah Suri belonged to the Sur dynasty . 

Q.3 . What was Sher Shah's childhood name ?

 Ans . Sher Shah's childhood name was Farid Khan . 

Q.4 . Who assumed the title of Alamgir ? 

Ans . Aurangzeb assumed the title of Alamgir .

 Q.5 . Who was the last Mughal Emperor ?

 Ans . Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal Emperor .

Q. 6. . What was the full name of Humayun ?

Ans.  Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun

Q. 7.. Who is known as Sher khan of the Mughal empire ?

Ans. Sher shah suri

Q.8. Name the places conquered by Akbar ?

Ans. Gondwana, chittor, Ranthambhor, Bihar, Bengal, Kabul, Kashmir, sindh, Deccan and                Gujarat .

Q.9. Which city is known as city of victory?

Ans. Fatehpur Sikri

Q.10. Who was the son of Akabar?

Ans. Jahangir

Q.11. Who was third son of Jahangir?

Ans. Shah Jahan

Q 12. Who was wife of Jahangir  ?

Ans. Nur Jahan

Q 13..What is khalisa?

Ans. The state land was known as khalisa.

Q 14. Who build Buland darwaza and why?

Ans. Akabar built Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.

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