Ch. 16 Emergence of Independent States
Something To Know
A. Tick the correct option:
1. " Sikhism ' owes its origin to the teachings of --
( a ) Guru Teg Bahadur ( b ) Guru Nanak
( c ) Guru Ram Das ( d ) Guru Gobind Singh
2. Who took over the title of Chhatrapati ? ( a ) Shahu ( b ) Shivaji
( c ) Ranjit Singh (d ) Balaji Vishwanath
3. The Sikhs revolted against the Mughals under the leadership of --
( a ) Ranjit Singh ( b ) Banda Bahadur (c ) Guru Teg Bahadur ( d ) Dewan Dina Nath
4. Which Nawab of Awadh was appointed the Warir of the Mughal empire ?
( a ) Saadat Khan ( b ) Safdarjung ( c ) Asal - ud - daula ( d ) Shiya - ud - daula
5. Tipu Sultan did not send his ambassadors to one of these countries to seek help against the British.
( a ) France ( b ) Turkey ( c ) Iran ( d ) Spain
B. Fill in the blanks .
1. Sawai Jai Singh was the king of Amber.
2. During the rule of Chikka Krishna Raj , the real power was in the hands of Wodeyar brothers.
3. Shivaji also collected taxes , such as Chauth and Sardeshmukhi from areas not under his direct
control .
4 . Undu emerged as the lingua franca of high class .
5. Saadat khan laid the foundation of the Kingdom of Awadh.
C. Match the following :
1. Mysore d.Tipu Sultan
2. Bengal e Shuja-ud-din
3. Hyderabad a . Nizam --ul - Mulk
4.Maratha c. Shahu
6. Sikhs - b . Guru Gobind Singh
D. Answer the following questions in brief
1. State two factors responsible for the rise of independent states in India.
Ans. The decline of the Mughals led to the rise of several independent states. The governors of the provinces broke away from the Mughal empire.Some other states had come into power because of the revolts by local chiefs and Zamindars.
2. Name the states that openly asserted their Independence from the Mughal empire .
Ans. The states of the Sikhs, Marathas and Rajputs that were openly asserted their independence from the Mughal empire.
3. Name the two main taxes levied by the Marathas .
Ans. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were the two main taxes levied by the Marathas.
4. Explain guerilla warfare of Marathas .
Ans. Shivaji's army was known as for Guerilla warfare which suited the surprise attacks on the enemy in small groups especially in mountainous region .
5. State the condition of Indian society in the eighteenth century.
Ans. The condition of Indian society in the eighteenth century was lacked social unity due to feudal divisions and economic disparity.
E. Answer the following questions .
1. How did the three Nawabs of Bengal encourage trade ?
Ans. All the three Nawabs of Bengal realized the importance of trade and thus, provided facilities to the local and foreign merchants. They built roads, thanas and removed corruption from the customers administration. They forced the officers of the East India Company to by the laws of the land and pay the same customs duty as was paid by local merchants.
2. Why did Banda Bahadur fail to strengthen the Sikh power ?
Ans. Banda Bahadur tried to unite the peasants and the lower castes and wage an unequal war against the Mughal army for eight years. He failed because the Mughal authority was still strong. The upper castes in Punjab were gainst him and hence, they joined the opponents. Moreover, he failed to mobilize all anti - Mughal forces because of his intolerant and narrow minded attitude.
Ans. a. The king was the head of the kingdom. The prime minister was known as the 'peshwa'. The 'sachiva' and senapati 'were other important officers.
b. The empire was divided into 'prants' or provinces which were further divided into parganas. The parganas were made up of villages.
c. The main source of income was land revenue. Chauth was one fourth of the land revenue. Sardeshmukhi 'was an additional tax of ten percent which Shivaji demanded as he was the chief (head) of Maharashtra.
4. Mention the steps taken by Tipu Sultan to challenge the authority of British
Ans. The steps taken by Sultan to challenge the authority of British --
a. Tipu Sultan was staunch enemy of the British and kept opposing them till his death.
b. He sent his ambassadors to France ,Turkey ,Iran and Arab States to seek help against the British .
c. He tried to modernised his navel power to strengthen his power and the developed internal trade.
d. He organised his Army on European style.
5. Explain the achievements of Maharaja Ranjit Singh .
Ans. At the end of 18th century, Ranjit Singh rose to power.
He captured Lahore and Amritsar.
He brought all the Sikh chiefs under his control and established his kingdom in Punjab.
He also conquered Kashmir, Multan and Peshawar.
He built a strong, well - equipped and disciplined army.
It comprised of Sikhs as well as Gurkhaas, Biharis, Oriyas, Pathans, Dogras and Punjabi Muslims.
He also manufactured cannons.
Inside Questions--
. Name the persons associated with the fall:
Q.1. He took over the control of Bengal.
Ans. Murshid Quli Khan.
Q. 2. He consolidated his rule in Awadh.
Ans. Saadat Khan.
Q. 3. He became the wazir of emperor, Muhammad Khan.
Ans. Nizam - ul - Mulk Asaf Jah.
Q.4. He was the founder of Sikhism.
Ans. Guru Nanak.
Q.5. He brought all the Sikh chiefs under his control.
Ans. Ranjit Singh
Q. 6. She was Shivaji's mother.
Ans. Jija Bai.
Q.7. He initiated the period of Peshwa power.
Ans. Balaji Vishwanath.
Q. 8. He was the governor of Ajmer.
Ans. Ajit Singh
Q. 9. He became the ruler of Mysore.
Ans. Haider Ali.
Q. 10. He controlled the real power over Mysore during the Mughal rule.
Ans. Wodeyar brothers - Devaraja & Nanaraja.
Q. 11. Who was the son - in - law of Murshid Quli?
Ans. Shujauddin was the son - in - law of Murshid Quli.
Q.12. Who laid the foundation of the kingdom of Awadh?
Ans. Saadat Khan laid the foundation of the kingdom of Awadh.
Q.13. Who was the greatest ruler of Mysore?
Ans. Tipu Sultan was the greatest ruler of Mysore.
Q.14. Which language emerged as the lingua franca of high class?
Ans. Urdu emerged as the lingua franca of high class.
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